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Db2命令大全
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Db2命令大全
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Db2命令大全
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Db2命令大全
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文章
Db2命令大全
连接数据库： connect to [数据库名] user [操作用户名] using [密码] 创建缓冲池(8K)： create bufferpool ibmdefault8k IMMEDIATE SIZE 5000 PAGESIZE 8 K ; 创建表空间： CREATE TABLESPACE exoatbs IN DATABASE PARTITION GROUP IBMDEFAULTGROUP PAGESIZE 8K MANAGED BY SYSTEM USING ('/home/exoa2/exoacontainer') EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 16 BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULT8K OVERHEAD 24.10 TRANSFERRATE 0.90 DROPPED TABLE RECOVERY OFF; CREATE TABLESPACE exoatbs16k IN DATABASE PARTITION GROUP IBMDEFAULTGROUP PAGESIZE 16K MANAGED BY SYSTEM USING ('/home/exoa2/exoacontainer16k' ) EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 16 BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULT16K OVERHEAD 24.1 TRANSFERRATE 0.90 DROPPED TABLE RECOVERY OFF; CREATE TABLESPACE exoatbs32k IN DATABASE PARTITION GROUP IBMDEFAULTGROUP PAGESIZE 32K MANAGED BY SYSTEM USING ('/home/exoa2/exoacontainer32k' ) EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 16 BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULT32K OVERHEAD 24.1 TRANSFERRATE 0.90 DROPPED TABLE RECOVERY OFF; GRANT USE OF TABLESPACE exoatbs TO PUBLIC; 创建系统表空间： CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE exoasystmp IN DATABASE PARTITION GROUP IBMTEMPGROUP PAGESIZE 8K MANAGED BY SYSTEM USING ('/home/exoa2/exoasystmp' ) EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 16 BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULT8K OVERHEAD 24.10 TRANSFERRATE 0.90 DROPPED TABLE RECOVERY OFF; CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE exoasystmp16k IN DATABASE PARTITION GROUP IBMTEMPGROUP PAGESIZE 16K MANAGED BY SYSTEM USING ('/home/exoa2/exoasystmp16k' ) EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 16 BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULT16K OVERHEAD 24.10 TRANSFERRATE 0.90 DROPPED TABLE RECOVERY OFF; CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE exoasystmp32k IN DATABASE PARTITION GROUP IBMTEMPGROUP PAGESIZE 32K MANAGED BY SYSTEM USING ('/home/exoa2/exoasystmp32k') EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 16 BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULT32K OVERHEAD 24.10 TRANSFERRATE 0.90 DROPPED TABLE RECOVERY OFF; 1. 启动实例(db2inst1): db2start 2. 停止实例(db2inst1): db2stop 3. 列出所有实例(db2inst1) db2ilist 5.列出当前实例: db2 get instance 4. 察看示例配置文件: db2 get dbm cfg|more 5. 更新数据库管理器参数信息: db2 update dbm cfg using para_name para_value 6. 创建数据库: db2 create db test 7. 察看数据库配置参数信息 db2 get db cfg for test|more 8. 更新数据库参数配置信息 db2 update db cfg for test using para_name para_value 10.删除数据库: db2 drop db test 11.连接数据库 db2 connect to test 12.列出所有表空间的详细信息。 db2 list tablespaces show detail 13.查询数据: db2 select * from tb1 14.删除数据: db2 delete from tb1 where id=1 15.创建索引: db2 create index idx1 on tb1(id); 16.创建视图: db2 create view view1 as select id from tb1 17.查询视图: db2 select * from view1 18.节点编目 db2 catalog tcp node node_name remote server_ip server server_port 19.察看端口号 db2 get dbm cfg|grep SVCENAME 20.测试节点的附接 db2 attach to node_name 21.察看本地节点 db2 list node direcotry 22.节点反编目 db2 uncatalog node node_name 23.数据库编目 db2 catalog db db_name as db_alias at node node_name 24.察看数据库的编目 db2 list db directory 25.连接数据库 db2 connect to db_alias user user_name using user_password 26.数据库反编目 db2 uncatalog db db_alias 27.导出数据 db2 export to myfile of ixf messages msg select * from tb1 28.导入数据 db2 import from myfile of ixf messages msg replace into tb1 29.导出数据库的所有表数据 db2move test export 30.生成数据库的定义 db2look -d db_alias -a -e -m -l -x -f -o db2look.sql 31.创建数据库 db2 create db test1 32.生成定义 db2 -tvf db2look.sql 33.导入数据库所有的数据 db2move db_alias import 34.重组检查 db2 reorgchk 35.重组表tb1 db2 reorg table tb1 36.更新统计信息 db2 runstats on table tb1 37.备份数据库test db2 backup db test 38.恢复数据库test db2 restore db test 399\.列出容器的信息 db2 list tablespace containers for tbs_id show detail 40.创建表: db2 ceate table tb1(id integer not null,name char(10)) 41.列出所有表 db2 list tables 42.插入数据: db2 insert into tb1 values(1,’sam’); db2 insert into tb2 values(2,’smitty’); . 建立数据库DB2_GCB CREATE DATABASE DB2_GCB ON G: ALIAS DB2_GCB USING CODESET GBK TERRITORY CN COLLATE USING SYSTEM DFT_EXTENT_SZ 32 2. 连接数据库 connect to sample1 user db2admin using 8301206 3. 建立别名 create alias db2admin.tables for sysstat.tables; CREATE ALIAS DB2ADMIN.VIEWS FOR SYSCAT.VIEWS create alias db2admin.columns for syscat.columns; create alias guest.columns for syscat.columns; 4. 建立表 create table zjt_tables as (select * from tables) definition only; create table zjt_views as (select * from views) definition only; 5. 插入记录 insert into zjt_tables select * from tables; insert into zjt_views select * from views; 6. 建立视图 create view V_zjt_tables as select tabschema,tabname from zjt_tables; 7. 建立触发器 CREATE TRIGGER zjt_tables_del AFTER DELETE ON zjt_tables REFERENCING OLD AS O FOR EACH ROW MODE DB2SQL Insert into zjt_tables1 values(substr(o.tabschema,1,8),substr(o.tabname,1,10)) 8. 建立唯一性索引 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX I_ztables_tabname [size=3]ON zjt_tables(tabname); 9. 查看表 select tabname from tables where tabname='ZJT_TABLES'; 10. 查看列 select SUBSTR(COLNAME,1,20) as 列名,TYPENAME as 类型,LENGTH as 长度 from columns where tabname='ZJT_TABLES'; 11. 查看表结构 db2 describe table user1.department db2 describe select * from user.tables 12. 查看表的索引 db2 describe indexes for table user1.department 13. 查看视图 select viewname from views where viewname='V_ZJT_TABLES'; 14. 查看索引 select indname from indexes where indname='I_ZTABLES_TABNAME'; 15. 查看存贮过程 SELECT SUBSTR(PROCSCHEMA,1,15),SUBSTR(PROCNAME,1,15) FROM SYSCAT.PROCEDURES; 16. 类型转换(cast) ip datatype:varchar select cast(ip as integer)+50 from log_comm_failed 17. 重新连接 connect reset 18. 中断数据库连接 disconnect db2_gcb 19. view application LIST APPLICATION; 20. kill application FORCE APPLICATION(0); db2 force applications all (强迫所有应用程序从数据库断开) 21. lock table lock table test in exclusive mode 22. 共享 lock table test in share mode 23. 显示当前用户所有表 list tables 24. 列出所有的系统表 list tables for system 25. 显示当前活动数据库 list active databases 26. 查看命令选项 list command options 27. 系统数据库目录 LIST DATABASE DIRECTORY 28. 表空间 list tablespaces 29. 表空间容器 LIST TABLESPACE CONTAINERS FOR Example: LIST TABLESPACE CONTAINERS FOR 1 30. 显示用户数据库的存取权限 GET AUTHORIZATIONS 31. 启动实例 DB2START 32. 停止实例 db2stop 33. 表或视图特权 grant select,delete,insert,update on tables to user grant all on tables to user WITH GRANT OPTION 34. 程序包特权 GRANT EXECUTE ON PACKAGE PACKAGE-name TO PUBLIC 35. 模式特权 GRANT CREATEIN ON SCHEMA SCHEMA-name TO USER 36. 数据库特权 grant connect,createtab,dbadm on database to user 37. 索引特权 grant control on index index-name to user 38. 信息帮助 (? XXXnnnnn ) 例:? SQL30081 39. SQL 帮助(说明 SQL 语句的语法) help statement 例如，help SELECT 40. SQLSTATE 帮助(说明 SQL 的状态和类别代码) ? sqlstate 或 ? class-code 41. 更改与"管理服务器"相关的口令 db2admin setid username password 42. 创建 SAMPLE 数据库 db2sampl db2sampl F:(指定安装盘) 43. 使用操作系统命令 ! dir 44. 转换数据类型 (cast) SELECT EMPNO, CAST(RESUME AS VARCHAR(370)) FROM EMP_RESUME WHERE RESUME_FORMAT = 'ascii' 45. UDF 要运行 DB2 Java 存储过程或 UDF，还需要更新服务器上的 DB2 数据库管理程序配置，以包括在该机器上安装 JDK 的路径 db2 update dbm cfg using JDK11_PATH d:sqllibjavajdk TERMINATE update dbm cfg using SPM_NAME sample 46. 检查 DB2 数据库管理程序配置 db2 get dbm cfg 47. 检索具有特权的所有授权名 SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'DATABASE' FROM SYSCAT.DBAUTH UNION SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'TABLE ' FROM SYSCAT.TABAUTH UNION SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'PACKAGE ' FROM SYSCAT.PACKAGEAUTH UNION SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'INDEX ' FROM SYSCAT.INDEXAUTH UNION SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'COLUMN ' FROM SYSCAT.COLAUTH UNION SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'SCHEMA ' FROM SYSCAT.SCHEMAAUTH UNION SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 'SERVER ' FROM SYSCAT.PASSTHRUAUTH ORDER BY GRANTEE, GRANTEETYPE, 3 create table yhdab (id varchar(10), password varchar(10), ywlx varchar(10), kh varchar(10)); create table ywlbb (ywlbbh varchar(8), ywmc varchar(60)) 48. 修改表结构 alter table yhdab ALTER kh SET DATA TYPE varchar(13); alter table yhdab ALTER ID SET DATA TYPE varchar(13); alter table lst_bsi alter bsi_money set data type int; insert into yhdab values ('20000300001','123456','user01','20000300001'), ('20000300002','123456','user02','20000300002'); 49. 业务类型说明 insert into ywlbb values ('user01','业务申请'), ('user02','业务撤消'), ('user03','费用查询'), ('user04','费用自缴'), ('user05','费用预存'), ('user06','密码修改'), ('user07','发票打印'), ('gl01','改用户基本信息'), ('gl02','更改支付信息'), ('gl03','日统计功能'), ('gl04','冲帐功能'), ('gl05','对帐功能'), ('gl06','计费功能'), ('gl07','综合统计') 备份数据库： 以下是小弟在使用db2move中的一些经验，希望对大家有所帮助。 db2 connect to YOURDB db2look -d YOURDB -a -e -x -o creatab.sql db2move YOURDB export vi creatab.sql db2move NEWDB load 在导入中可能因为种种原因发生中断，会使数据库暂挂 db2 select tabname,tableid from syscat.tables where tableid=59 表名知道后到db2move.lst(在db2move YOURDB export的目录中)中找到相应的.ixf文件 数据库会恢复正常，可再用db2 list tablespaces show detail查看 30.不能通过GRANT授权的权限有哪种? SYSAM SYSCTRL SYSMAINT 要更该述权限必须修改数据库管理器配置参数 31.表的类型有哪些? 永久表(基表) 临时表(说明表) 临时表(派生表) 32.如何知道一个用户有多少表? SELECT*FROMSYSIBM.SYSTABLESWHERECREATOR='USER' 33.如何知道用户下的函数? select*fromIWH.USERFUNCTION select*fromsysibm.SYSFUNCTIONS 34.如何知道用户下的VIEW数? select*fromsysibm.sysviewsWHERECREATOR='USER' 35.如何知道当前DB2的版本? select*fromsysibm.sysvERSIONS 36.如何知道用户下的TRIGGER数? select*fromsysibm.SYSTRIGGERSWHERESCHEMA='USER' 37.如何知道TABLESPACE的状况? select*fromsysibm.SYSTABLESPACES 38.如何知道SEQUENCE的状况? select*fromsysibm.SYSSEQUENCES 39.如何知道SCHEMA的状况? select*fromsysibm.SYSSCHEMATA 40.如何知道INDEX的状况? select*fromsysibm.SYSINDEXES 41.如何知道表的字段的状况? select*fromsysibm.SYSCOLUMNSWHERETBNAME='AAAA' 42.如何知道DB2的数据类型? select*fromsysibm.SYSDATATYPES 43.如何知道BUFFERPOOLS状况? select*fromsysibm.SYSBUFFERPOOLS 44.DB2表的字段的修改限制? 只能修改VARCHAR2类型的并且只能增加不能减少. 45.如何查看表的结构? |
DESCRIBLETABLETABLE_NAME
OR
DESCRIBLESELECT*FROMSCHEMA.TABLE_NAME
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javaScript通用数据类型校验 3 转自 javaeye melin
function isVisible(obj){
var visAtt,disAtt;
try{
disAtt=obj.style.display;
visAtt=obj.style.visibility;
}catch(e){}
if(disAtt=="none" || visAtt=="hidden")
return false;
return true;
}
/*判断当前对象及其父对象是否可见*/
function checkPrVis(obj){
var pr=obj.parentNode;
do{
if(pr == undefined || pr == "undefined") return true;
else{
if(!isVisible(pr)) return false;
}
}while(pr=pr.parentNode);
return true;
}
/* 弹出警告对话框，用户点确定后将光标置于出错文本框上， 并且将原来输入内容选中。*/
function f_alert(obj,alertInfo)
{
var caption = obj.getAttribute("eos_displayname");
if(caption == null)
caption = "";
alert(caption + "：" + alertInfo + "！");
obj.select();
if(isVisible(obj) && checkPrVis(obj))
obj.focus();
}
/**
* 检测字符串是否为空
*/
function isnull(str)
{
var i;
if(str.length == 0)
return true;
for (i=0;i<str.length;i++)
{
if (str.charAt(i)!=' ')
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 检测指定文本框输入是否合法。
* 如果用户输入的内容有错，则弹出提示对话框，
* 同时将焦点置于该文本框上，并且该文本框前面
* 会出现一个警告图标(输入正确后会自动去掉)。
*/
function checkInput(object)
{
var image;
var i;
var length;
if(object.eos_maxsize + "" != "undefined") length = object.eos_maxsize;
else length = 0;if (object.eos_isnull=="true" && isnull(object.value)) return true;
/* 长度校验 */
if(length != 0 && strlen(object.value) > parseInt(length)) {
f_alert(object, "超出最大长度" + length);
return false;
}
/* 数据类型校验 */
else {
if (object.eos_datatype + "" != "undefined")
{var dtype = object.eos_datatype;
var objName = object.name;
//如果类型名后面带有括号，则视括号前面的字符串为校验类型
if(dtype.indexOf("(") != -1)
dtype = dtype.substring(0,dtype.indexOf("("));
//根据页面元素的校验类型进行校验
try{
if(eval("f_check_" + dtype + "(object)") != true)
return false;
}catch(e){return true;}
/* 如果form中存在name前半部分相同，并且同时存在以"min"和"max"结尾的表单域，
那么视为按区间查询。即"min"结尾的表单域的值要小于等于"max"结尾的表单域的值。 */
if(objName.substring((objName.length-3),objName.length)=="min")
{
var objMaxName = objName.substring(0, (objName.length-3)) + "max";
if(document.getElementById(objMaxName) != undefined && document.getElementById(objMaxName) != "undefined" )
{
if(checkIntervalObjs(object, document.getElementById(objMaxName)) != true)
return false;
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
/* 检测表单中所有输入项的正确性，一般用于表单的onsubmit事件 */
function checkForm(myform)
{
var i;
for (i=0;i<myform.elements.length;i++)
{
/* 非自定义属性的元素不予理睬 */
if (myform.elements[i].eos_displayname + "" == "undefined") continue;
/* 非空校验 */
if (myform.elements[i].eos_isnull=="false" && isnull(myform.elements[i].value)){
f_alert(myform.elements[i],"不能为空");
return false;
}
/* 数据类型校验 */
if (checkInput(myform.elements[i])==false)
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 校验两个表单域数据的大小，目前只允许比较日期和数字。
* @param obj1 小值表单域
* @param obj2 大值表单域
*/
function checkIntervalObjs(obj1 , obj2)
{
var caption1 = obj1.getAttribute("eos_displayname");
var caption2 = obj2.getAttribute("eos_displayname");
var val1 = parseFloat(obj1.value);
var val2 = parseFloat(obj2.value);
// 非自定义属性的元素不予理睬
if (obj1.eos_displayname + "" == "undefined" || obj2.eos_displayname + "" == "undefined") {
return false;
}
// 日期类型的比较
if(f_check_date(obj1) == true && f_check_date(obj2) == true){
var dtype = obj1.eos_datatype;
var format = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")); //日期格式
val1 = getDateByFormat(obj1.value, format);
dtype = obj2.eos_datatype;
format = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")); //日期格式
val2 = getDateByFormat(obj2.value, format);
if(val1 > val2){
obj2.select();
if(isVisible(obj) && checkPrVis(obj))
obj2.focus();
alert(caption1 + "的起始日期不能大于其终止日期！");
return false;
}
}
// 数字类型的比较
if((isNaN(val1) && !isnull(val1)) || (isNaN(val2) && !isnull(val2))){
alert(caption1 + "的值不全为数字则不能比较！");
return false;
}
if(val1 > val2){
obj2.select();
if(isVisible(obj) && checkPrVis(obj))
obj2.focus();
alert(caption1 + "的起始值不能大于其终止值！");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/*根据日期格式，将字符串转换成Date对象。
格式：yyyy-年，MM-月，dd-日，HH-时，mm-分，ss-秒。
（格式必须写全，例如:yy-M-d，是不允许的，否则返回null；格式与实际数据不符也返回null。）
默认格式：yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,yyyy-MM-dd。*/
function getDateByFormat(str){
var dateReg,format;
var y,M,d,H,m,s,yi,Mi,di,Hi,mi,si;
if((arguments[1] + "") == "undefined") format = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
else format = arguments[1];
yi = format.indexOf("yyyy");
Mi = format.indexOf("MM");
di = format.indexOf("dd");
Hi = format.indexOf("HH");
mi = format.indexOf("mm");
si = format.indexOf("ss");
if(yi == -1 || Mi == -1 || di == -1) return null;
else{
y = parseInt(str.substring(yi, yi+4));
M = parseInt(str.substring(Mi, Mi+2));
d = parseInt(str.substring(di, di+2));
}
if(isNaN(y) || isNaN(M) || isNaN(d)) return null;
if(Hi == -1 || mi == -1 || si == -1) return new Date(y, M-1, d);
else{
H = str.substring(Hi, Hi+4);
m = str.substring(mi, mi+2);
s = str.substring(si, si+2);
}
if(isNaN(parseInt(y)) || isNaN(parseInt(M)) || isNaN(parseInt(d))) return new Date(y, M-1, d);
else return new Date(y, M-1, d,H, m, s);
}
/*LTrim(string):去除左边的空格*/
function LTrim(str){
var whitespace = new String(" \t\n\r");
var s = new String(str);
if (whitespace.indexOf(s.charAt(0)) != -1){
var j=0, i = s.length;
while (j < i && whitespace.indexOf(s.charAt(j)) != -1){
j++;
}
s = s.substring(j, i);
}
return s;
}
/*RTrim(string):去除右边的空格*/
function RTrim(str){
var whitespace = new String(" \t\n\r");
var s = new String(str);
if (whitespace.indexOf(s.charAt(s.length-1)) != -1){
var i = s.length - 1;
while (i >= 0 && whitespace.indexOf(s.charAt(i)) != -1){
i--;
}
s = s.substring(0, i+1);
}
return s;
}
/*Trim(string):去除字符串两边的空格*/
function Trim(str){
return RTrim(LTrim(str));
}
javaScript通用数据类型校验2 转自 javaeye melin
/*
要求：一、电话号码由数字、"("、")"和"-"构成
二、电话号码为3到8位
三、如果电话号码中包含有区号，那么区号为三位或四位
四、区号用"("、")"或"-"和其他部分隔开
用途：检查输入的电话号码格式是否正确
输入：
strPhone：字符串
返回：
如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_phone(obj)
{
var regu =/(^([0][1-9]{2,3}[-])?\d{3,8}(-\d{1,6})?$)|(^\([0][1-9]{2,3}\)\d{3,8}(\(\d{1,6}\))?$)|(^\d{3,8}$)/;
var re = new RegExp(regu);
if (re.test( obj.value )) {
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入正确的电话号码");
return false;
}
/* 判断是否为邮政编码 */
function f_check_zipcode(obj)
{
if(!f_check_number(obj))
return false;
if(obj.value.length!=6)
{
f_alert(obj,"邮政编码长度必须是6位");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/*
用户ID，可以为数字、字母、下划线的组合，
第一个字符不能为数字,且总长度不能超过20。
*/
function f_check_userID(obj)
{
var userID = obj.value;
if(userID.length > 20)
{
f_alert(obj,"ID长度不能大于20");
return false;
}
if(!isNaN(userID.charAt(0)))
{
f_alert(obj,"ID第一个字符不能为数字");
return false;
}
if(!/^\w{1,20}$/.test(userID))
{
f_alert(obj,"ID只能由数字、字母、下划线组合而成");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/*
功能：验证身份证号码是否有效
提示信息：未输入或输入身份证号不正确！
使用：f_check_IDno(obj)
返回：bool
*/
function f_check_IDno(obj)
{
var aCity={11:"北京",12:"天津",13:"河北",14:"山西",15:"内蒙古",21:"辽宁",22:"吉林",23:"黑龙江",31:"上海",32:"江苏",33:"浙江",34:"安徽",35:"福建",36:"江西",37:"山东",41:"河南",42:"湖北",43:"湖南",44:"广东",45:"广西",46:"海南",50:"重庆",51:"四川",52:"贵州",53:"云南",54:"西藏",61:"陕西",62:"甘肃",63:"青海",64:"宁夏",65:"新疆",71:"台湾",81:"香港",82:"澳门",91:"国外"};
var iSum = 0;
var info = "";
var strIDno = obj.value;
var idCardLength = strIDno.length;
if(!/^\d{17}(\d|x)$/i.test(strIDno)&&!/^\d{15}$/i.test(strIDno))
{
f_alert(obj,"非法身份证号");
return false;
}
//在后面的运算中x相当于数字10,所以转换成a
strIDno = strIDno.replace(/x$/i,"a");
if(aCity[parseInt(strIDno.substr(0,2))]==null)
{
f_alert(obj,"非法地区");
return false;
}
if (idCardLength==18)
{
sBirthday=strIDno.substr(6,4)+"-"+Number(strIDno.substr(10,2))+"-"+Number(strIDno.substr(12,2));
var d = new Date(sBirthday.replace(/-/g,"/"))
if(sBirthday!=(d.getFullYear()+"-"+ (d.getMonth()+1) + "-" + d.getDate()))
{
f_alert(obj,"非法生日");
return false;
}for(var i = 17;i>=0;i --)
iSum += (Math.pow(2,i) % 11) * parseInt(strIDno.charAt(17 - i),11);if(iSum%11!=1)
{
f_alert(obj,"非法身份证号");
return false;
}
}
else if (idCardLength==15)
{
sBirthday = "19" + strIDno.substr(6,2) + "-" + Number(strIDno.substr(8,2)) + "-" + Number(strIDno.substr(10,2));
var d = new Date(sBirthday.replace(/-/g,"/"))
var dd = d.getFullYear().toString() + "-" + (d.getMonth()+1) + "-" + d.getDate();
if(sBirthday != dd)
{
f_alert(obj,"非法生日");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/*
* 判断字符串是否符合指定的正则表达式
*/
function f_check_formatStr(obj)
{
var str = obj.value;
var dtype = obj.eos_datatype;
var regu = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")); //指定的正则表达式
var re = new RegExp(regu);
if(re.test(str))
return true;
f_alert(obj , "不符合指定的正则表达式要求");
return false;
}
/*
功能：判断是否为日期(格式:yyyy年MM月dd日,yyyy-MM-dd,yyyy/MM/dd,yyyyMMdd)
提示信息：未输入或输入的日期格式错误！
使用：f_check_date(obj)
返回：bool
*/
function f_check_date(obj)
{
var date = Trim(obj.value);
var dtype = obj.eos_datatype;
var format = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")); //日期格式
var year,month,day,datePat,matchArray;
if(/^(y{4})(-|\/)(M{1,2})\2(d{1,2})$/.test(format))
datePat = /^(\d{4})(-|\/)(\d{1,2})\2(\d{1,2})$/;
else if(/^(y{4})(年)(M{1,2})(月)(d{1,2})(日)$/.test(format))
datePat = /^(\d{4})年(\d{1,2})月(\d{1,2})日$/;
else if(format=="yyyyMMdd")
datePat = /^(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})$/;
else
{
f_alert(obj,"日期格式不对");
return false;
}
matchArray = date.match(datePat);
if(matchArray == null)
{
f_alert(obj,"日期长度不对,或日期中有非数字符号");
return false;
}
if(/^(y{4})(-|\/)(M{1,2})\2(d{1,2})$/.test(format))
{
year = matchArray[1];
month = matchArray[3];
day = matchArray[4];
} else
{
year = matchArray[1];
month = matchArray[2];
day = matchArray[3];
}
if (month < 1 || month > 12)
{
f_alert(obj,"月份应该为1到12的整数");
return false;
}
if (day < 1 || day > 31)
{
f_alert(obj,"每个月的天数应该为1到31的整数");
return false;
}
if ((month==4 || month==6 || month==9 || month==11) && day==31)
{
f_alert(obj,"该月不存在31号");
return false;
}
if (month==2)
{
var isleap=(year % 4==0 && (year % 100 !=0 || year % 400==0));
if (day>29)
{
f_alert(obj,"2月最多有29天");
return false;
}
if ((day==29) && (!isleap))
{
f_alert(obj,"闰年2月才有29天");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/*
功能：校验的格式为yyyy年MM月dd日HH时mm分ss秒,yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss,yyyyMMddHHmmss
提示信息：未输入或输入的时间格式错误
使用：f_check_time(obj)
返回：bool
*/
function f_check_time(obj)
{
var time = Trim(obj.value);
var dtype = obj.eos_datatype;
var format = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")); //日期格式
var datePat,matchArray,year,month,day,hour,minute,second;
if(/^(y{4})(-|\/)(M{1,2})\2(d{1,2}) (HH:mm:ss)$/.test(format))
datePat = /^(\d{4})(-|\/)(\d{1,2})\2(\d{1,2}) (\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})$/;
else if(/^(y{4})(年)(M{1,2})(月)(d{1,2})(日)(HH时mm分ss秒)$/.test(format))
datePat = /^(\d{4})年(\d{1,2})月(\d{1,2})日(\d{1,2})时(\d{1,2})分(\d{1,2})秒$/;
else if(format == "yyyyMMddHHmmss")
datePat = /^(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})$/;
else
{
f_alert(obj,"日期格式不对");
return false;
}
matchArray = time.match(datePat);
if(matchArray == null)
{
f_alert(obj,"日期长度不对,或日期中有非数字符号");
return false;
}
if(/^(y{4})(-|\/)(M{1,2})\2(d{1,2}) (HH:mm:ss)$/.test(format))
{
year = matchArray[1];
month = matchArray[3];
day = matchArray[4];
hour = matchArray[5];
minute = matchArray[6];
second = matchArray[7];
} else
{
year = matchArray[1];
month = matchArray[2];
day = matchArray[3];
hour = matchArray[4];
minute = matchArray[5];
second = matchArray[6];
}
if (month < 1 || month > 12)
{
f_alert(obj,"月份应该为1到12的整数");
return false;
}
if (day < 1 || day > 31)
{
f_alert(obj,"每个月的天数应该为1到31的整数");
return false;
}
if ((month==4 || month==6 || month==9 || month==11) && day==31)
{
f_alert(obj,"该月不存在31号");
return false;
}
if (month==2)
{
var isleap=(year % 4==0 && (year % 100 !=0 || year % 400==0));
if (day>29)
{
f_alert(obj,"2月最多有29天");
return false;
}
if ((day==29) && (!isleap))
{
f_alert(obj,"闰年2月才有29天");
return false;
}
}
if(hour<0 || hour>23)
{
f_alert(obj,"小时应该是0到23的整数");
return false;
}
if(minute<0 || minute>59)
{
f_alert(obj,"分应该是0到59的整数");
return false;
}
if(second<0 || second>59)
{
f_alert(obj,"秒应该是0到59的整数");
return false;
}
return true;
}
javaScript通用数据类型校验 1 转自 javaeye melin
/**
* 取得字符串的字节长度
*/
function strlen(str)
{
var i;
var len;
len = 0;
for (i=0;i<str.length;i++)
{
if (str.charCodeAt(i)>255) len+=2; else len++;
}
return len;
}
/*
* 判断是否为数字，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_number(obj)
{
if (/^\d+$/.test(obj.value))
{
return true;
}
else
{
f_alert(obj,"请输入数字");
return false;
}
}
/*
* 判断是否为自然数，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_naturalnumber(obj)
{
var s = obj.value;
if (/^[0-9]+$/.test( s ) && (s > 0))
{
return true;
}
else
{
f_alert(obj,"请输入自然数");
return false;
}
}
/*
* 判断是否为整数，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_integer(obj)
{
if (/^(\+|-)?\d+$/.test( obj.value ))
{
return true;
}
else
{
f_alert(obj,"请输入整数");
return false;
}
}
/*
* 判断是否为实数，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_float(obj)
{
if (/^(\+|-)?\d+($|\.\d+$)/.test( obj.value ))
{
return true;
}
else
{
f_alert(obj,"请输入实数");
return false;
}
}
/*
* 校验数字的长度和精度
*/
function f_check_double(obj){
var numReg;
var value = obj.value;
var strValueTemp, strInt, strDec;
var dtype = obj.eos_datatype;
var pos_dtype = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")).split(",");
var len = pos_dtype[0], prec = pos_dtype[1];
try
{
numReg =/[\-]/;
strValueTemp = value.replace(numReg, "");
numReg =/[\+]/;
strValueTemp = strValueTemp.replace(numReg, "");
//整数
if(prec==0){
numReg =/[\.]/;
if(numReg.test(value) == true){
f_alert(obj, "输入必须为整数类型");
return false;
}
}
if(strValueTemp.indexOf(".") < 0 ){
if(strValueTemp.length >( len - prec)){
f_alert(obj, "整数位不能超过"+ (len - prec) +"位");
return false;
}
}else{
strInt = strValueTemp.substr( 0, strValueTemp.indexOf(".") );
if(strInt.length >( len - prec)){
f_alert(obj, "整数位不能超过"+ (len - prec) +"位");
return false;
}
strDec = strValueTemp.substr( (strValueTemp.indexOf(".")+1), strValueTemp.length );
if(strDec.length > prec){
f_alert(obj, "小数位不能超过"+ prec +"位");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}catch(e){
alert("in f_check_double = " + e);
return false;
}
}
/*
* 校验数字的最小最大值
* 返回bool
*/
function f_check_interval(obj)
{
var value = parseFloat(obj.value);var dtype = obj.eos_datatype;
var pos_dtype = dtype.substring(dtype.indexOf("(")+1,dtype.indexOf(")")).split(",");
var minLimit = pos_dtype[0];
var maxLimit = pos_dtype[1];
var minVal = parseFloat(pos_dtype[0]);
var maxVal = parseFloat(pos_dtype[1]);
if(isNaN(value))
{
f_alert(obj, "值必须为数字");
return false;
}
if((isNaN(minVal) && (minLimit != "-")) || (isNaN(maxVal) && (maxLimit != "+")))
{
f_alert(obj, "边界值必须为数字或-、+");
return false;
}if(minLimit == "-" && !isNaN(maxVal))
{
if(value > maxVal)
{
f_alert(obj, "值不能超过" + maxVal);
return false;
}
}
if(!isNaN(minVal) && maxLimit == "+")
{
if(value < minVal)
{
f_alert(obj, "值不能小于" + minVal);
return false;
}
}
if(!isNaN(minVal) && !isNaN(maxVal))
{
if(minVal > maxVal)
{
f_alert(obj, "起始值" + minVal + "不能大于终止值" + maxVal);
}else
{
if(!(value <= maxVal && value >= minVal))
{
f_alert(obj, "值应该在" + minVal + "和" + maxVal + "之间");
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
/*
用途：检查输入字符串是否只由汉字组成
如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_zh(obj){
if (/^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+$/.test(obj.value)) {
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入汉字");
return false;
}
/*
* 判断是否为小写英文字母，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_lowercase(obj)
{
if (/^[a-z]+$/.test( obj.value ))
{
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入小写英文字母");
return false;
}
/*
* 判断是否为大写英文字母，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_uppercase(obj)
{
if (/^[A-Z]+$/.test( obj.value ))
{
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入大写英文字母");
return false;
}
/*
* 判断是否为英文字母，是则返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_letter(obj)
{
if (/^[A-Za-z]+$/.test( obj.value ))
{
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入英文字母");
return false;
}
/*
用途：检查输入字符串是否只由汉字、字母、数字组成
输入：
value：字符串
返回：
如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_ZhOrNumOrLett(obj){ //判断是否是汉字、字母、数字组成
var regu = "^[0-9a-zA-Z\u4e00-\u9fa5]+$";
var re = new RegExp(regu);
if (re.test( obj.value )) {
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入汉字、字母或数字");
return false;
}
/*
用途：校验ip地址的格式
输入：strIP：ip地址
返回：如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false；
*/
function f_check_IP(obj)
{
var re=/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)$/; //匹配IP地址的正则表达式
if(re.test( obj.value ))
{
if( RegExp.$1 <256 && RegExp.$2<256 && RegExp.$3<256 && RegExp.$4<256) return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入合法的计算机IP地址");
return false;
}
/*
用途：检查输入对象的值是否符合端口号格式
输入：str 输入的字符串
返回：如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_port(obj)
{
if(!f_check_number(obj))
return false;
if(obj.value < 65536)
return true;
f_alert(obj,"请输入合法的计算机IP地址端口号");
return false;
}
/*
用途：检查输入对象的值是否符合网址格式
输入：str 输入的字符串
返回：如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_URL(obj){
var myReg = /^((http:[/][/])?\w+([.]\w+|[/]\w*)*)?$/;
if(myReg.test( obj.value )) return true;
f_alert(obj,"请输入合法的网页地址");
return false;
}
/*
用途：检查输入对象的值是否符合E-Mail格式
输入：str 输入的字符串
返回：如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_email(obj){
var myReg = /^([-_A-Za-z0-9\.]+)@([_A-Za-z0-9]+\.)+[A-Za-z0-9]{2,3}$/;
if(myReg.test( obj.value )) return true;
f_alert(obj,"请输入合法的电子邮件地址");
return false;
}
/*
要求：一、移动电话号码为11或12位，如果为12位,那么第一位为0
二、11位移动电话号码的第一位和第二位为"13"
三、12位移动电话号码的第二位和第三位为"13"
用途：检查输入手机号码是否正确
输入：
s：字符串
返回：
如果通过验证返回true,否则返回false
*/
function f_check_mobile(obj){
var regu =/(^[1][3][0-9]{9}$)|(^0[1][3][0-9]{9}$)/;
var re = new RegExp(regu);
if (re.test( obj.value )) {
return true;
}
f_alert(obj,"请输入正确的手机号码");
return false;
}
試験チーズン
この頃になると、大学生たちは試験やレポトに追われる。
ところで、このレポトというものが、なかなかの難物のである。
ちょっと考えると、内容は自部で決められるし、時間も十分掛けられる。
試験のようなきんちょうも不必要。
Oracle教程下载
Oracle教程下载
ORACLE 常用的SQL语法和数据对象(转帖)
ORACLE 常用的SQL语法和数据对象
余枫编
2001-08 余枫编
一.数据控制语句 (DML) 部分
1.INSERT (往数据表里插入记录的语句)
INSERT INTO 表名(字段名1, 字段名2, ……) VALUES ( 值1, 值2, ……);
INSERT INTO 表名(字段名1, 字段名2, ……) SELECT 字段名1, 字段名2, …… FROM 另外的表名;
字符串类型的字段值必须用单引号括起来, 例如: ’GOOD DAY’
如果字段值里包含单引号’ 需要进行字符串转换, 我们把它替换成两个单引号''.
字符串类型的字段值超过定义的长度会出错, 最好在插入前进行长度校验.
日期字段的字段值可以用当前数据库的系统时间SYSDATE, 精确到秒
或者用字符串转换成日期型函数TO_DATE(‘2001-08-01’,’YYYY-MM-DD’)
TO_DATE()还有很多种日期格式, 可以参看ORACLE DOC.
年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒 的格式YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS
INSERT时最大可操作的字符串长度小于等于4000个单字节, 如果要插入更长的字符串, 请考虑字段用CLOB类型,
方法借用ORACLE里自带的DBMS_LOB程序包.
INSERT时如果要用到从1开始自动增长的序列号, 应该先建立一个序列号
CREATE SEQUENCE 序列号的名称 (最好是表名+序列号标记) INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1
MAXVALUE 99999 CYCLE NOCACHE;
其中最大的值按字段的长度来定, 如果定义的自动增长的序列号 NUMBER(6) , 最大值为999999
INSERT 语句插入这个字段值为: 序列号的名称.NEXTVAL
2.DELETE (删除数据表里记录的语句)
DELETE FROM表名 WHERE 条件;
注意：删除记录并不能释放ORACLE里被占用的数据块表空间. 它只把那些被删除的数据块标成unused.
如果确实要删除一个大表里的全部记录, 可以用 TRUNCATE 命令, 它可以释放占用的数据块表空间
TRUNCATE TABLE 表名;
此操作不可回退.
3.UPDATE (修改数据表里记录的语句)
UPDATE表名 SET 字段名1=值1, 字段名2=值2, …… WHERE 条件;
如果修改的值N没有赋值或定义时, 将把原来的记录内容清为NULL, 最好在修改前进行非空校验;
值N超过定义的长度会出错, 最好在插入前进行长度校验..
注意事项:
A. 以上SQL语句对表都加上了行级锁,
确认完成后, 必须加上事物处理结束的命令 COMMIT 才能正式生效,
否则改变不一定写入数据库里.
如果想撤回这些操作, 可以用命令 ROLLBACK 复原.
B. 在运行INSERT, DELETE 和 UPDATE 语句前最好估算一下可能操作的记录范围,
应该把它限定在较小 (一万条记录) 范围内,. 否则ORACLE处理这个事物用到很大的回退段.
程序响应慢甚至失去响应. 如果记录数上十万以上这些操作, 可以把这些SQL语句分段分次完成,
其间加上COMMIT 确认事物处理.
二.数据定义 (DDL) 部分
1.CREATE (创建表, 索引, 视图, 同义词, 过程, 函数, 数据库链接等)
ORACLE常用的字段类型有
CHAR 固定长度的字符串
VARCHAR2 可变长度的字符串
NUMBER(M,N) 数字型M是位数总长度, N是小数的长度
DATE 日期类型
创建表时要把较小的不为空的字段放在前面, 可能为空的字段放在后面
创建表时可以用中文的字段名, 但最好还是用英文的字段名
创建表时可以给字段加上默认值, 例如 DEFAULT SYSDATE
这样每次插入和修改时, 不用程序操作这个字段都能得到动作的时间
创建表时可以给字段加上约束条件
例如 不允许重复 UNIQUE, 关键字 PRIMARY KEY
2.ALTER (改变表, 索引, 视图等)
改变表的名称
ALTER TABLE 表名1 TO 表名2;
在表的后面增加一个字段
ALTER TABLE表名 ADD 字段名 字段名描述;
修改表里字段的定义描述
ALTER TABLE表名 MODIFY字段名 字段名描述;
给表里的字段加上约束条件
ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD CONSTRAINT 约束名 PRIMARY KEY (字段名);
ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD CONSTRAINT 约束名 UNIQUE (字段名);
把表放在或取出数据库的内存区
ALTER TABLE 表名 CACHE;
ALTER TABLE 表名 NOCACHE;
3.DROP (删除表, 索引, 视图, 同义词, 过程, 函数, 数据库链接等)
删除表和它所有的约束条件
DROP TABLE 表名 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
4.TRUNCATE (清空表里的所有记录, 保留表的结构)
TRUNCATE 表名;
三.查询语句 (SELECT) 部分
SELECT字段名1, 字段名2, …… FROM 表名1, [表名2, ……] WHERE 条件;
字段名可以带入函数
例如: COUNT(*), MIN(字段名), MAX(字段名), AVG(字段名), DISTINCT(字段名),
TO_CHAR(DATE字段名,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
NVL(EXPR1, EXPR2)函数
解释:
IF EXPR1=NULL
RETURN EXPR2
ELSE
RETURN EXPR1
DECODE(AA﹐V1﹐R1﹐V2﹐R2....)函数
解释:
IF AA=V1 THEN RETURN R1
IF AA=V2 THEN RETURN R2
..…
ELSE
RETURN NULL
LPAD(char1,n,char2)函数
解释:
字符char1按制定的位数n显示，不足的位数用char2字符串替换左边的空位
字段名之间可以进行算术运算
例如: (字段名1*字段名1)/3
查询语句可以嵌套
例如: SELECT …… FROM
(SELECT …… FROM表名1, [表名2, ……] WHERE 条件) WHERE 条件2;
两个查询语句的结果可以做集合操作
例如: 并集UNION(去掉重复记录), 并集UNION ALL(不去掉重复记录), 差集MINUS, 交集INTERSECT
分组查询
SELECT字段名1, 字段名2, …… FROM 表名1, [表名2, ……] GROUP BY字段名1
[HAVING 条件] ;
两个以上表之间的连接查询
SELECT字段名1, 字段名2, …… FROM 表名1, [表名2, ……] WHERE
表名1.字段名 = 表名2. 字段名 [ AND ……] ;
SELECT字段名1, 字段名2, …… FROM 表名1, [表名2, ……] WHERE
表名1.字段名 = 表名2. 字段名(+) [ AND ……] ;
有(+)号的字段位置自动补空值
查询结果集的排序操作, 默认的排序是升序ASC, 降序是DESC
SELECT字段名1, 字段名2, …… FROM 表名1, [表名2, ……]
ORDER BY字段名1, 字段名2 DESC;
字符串模糊比较的方法
INSTR(字段名, ‘字符串’)>0
字段名 LIKE ‘字符串%’ [‘%字符串%’]
每个表都有一个隐含的字段ROWID, 它标记着记录的唯一性.
四.ORACLE里常用的数据对象 (SCHEMA)
1.索引 (INDEX)
CREATE INDEX 索引名ON 表名 ( 字段1, [字段2, ……] );
ALTER INDEX 索引名 REBUILD;
一个表的索引最好不要超过三个 (特殊的大表除外), 最好用单字段索引, 结合SQL语句的分析执行情况,
也可以建立多字段的组合索引和基于函数的索引
ORACLE8.1.7字符串可以索引的最大长度为1578 单字节
ORACLE8.0.6字符串可以索引的最大长度为758 单字节
ORACLE DOC上说字符串最大可以建索引的长度约是:数据块的大小(db_block_size)*40%
2.视图 (VIEW)
CREATE VIEW 视图名AS SELECT …. FROM …..;
ALTER VIEW视图名 COMPILE;
视图仅是一个SQL查询语句, 它可以把表之间复杂的关系简洁化.
3.同义词 (SYNONMY)
CREATE SYNONYM同义词名FOR 表名;
CREATE SYNONYM同义词名FOR 表名@数据库链接名;
4.数据库链接 (DATABASE LINK)
CREATE DATABASE LINK数据库链接名CONNECT TO 用户名 IDENTIFIED BY 密码 USING ‘数据库连接字符串’;
数据库连接字符串可以用NET8 EASY CONFIG或者直接修改TNSNAMES.ORA里定义.
数据库参数global_name=true时要求数据库链接名称跟远端数据库名称一样
数据库全局名称可以用以下命令查出
SELECT * FROM GLOBAL_NAME;
查询远端数据库里的表
SELECT …… FROM 表名@数据库链接名;
五.权限管理 (DCL) 语句
1.GRANT 赋于权限
常用的系统权限集合有以下三个:
CONNECT(基本的连接), RESOURCE(程序开发), DBA(数据库管理)
常用的数据对象权限有以下五个:
ALL ON 数据对象名, SELECT ON 数据对象名, UPDATE ON 数据对象名,
DELETE ON 数据对象名, INSERT ON 数据对象名, ALTER ON 数据对象名
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO 用户名;
GRANT SELECT ON 表名 TO 用户名;
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON表名 TO 用户名1, 用户名2;
2.REVOKE 回收权限
REVOKE CONNECT, RESOURCE FROM 用户名;
REVOKE SELECT ON 表名 FROM 用户名;
REVOKE SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON表名 FROM 用户名1, 用户名2;
转贴:http://fengyu.china.com/sql1.htm
Ramnivas Laddad joins Interface21
Ramnivas Laddad is an author, speaker, consultant, and trainer specializing in aspect-oriented programming and J2EE. His most recent book, "AspectJ in Action: Practical aspect-oriented programming" (Manning, 2003), has been labeled as the most useful guide to AOP/AspectJ. He has been developing complex software systems using technologies such as Java, J2EE, AspectJ, UML, networking, and XML for over a decade. Ramnivas is an active member of the AspectJ community and has been involved with aspect-oriented programming from its early form. He speaks regularly at many conferences such as JavaOne, No Fluff Just Stuff, Software Development, EclipseCon, and O'Reilly OSCON. Ramnivas lives in San Jose, California.
Reckelss
传说中的100句背7000单词!
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
22.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
23.在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
24.大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
26.到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
27.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
31.骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。
32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
32.科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
35.未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。
37. Lucretia Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
37. Lucretia Mott's的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
40.对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。
41. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
42.墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams' enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
46.根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
49.父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。
50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
50.北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物，但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。
51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of inFORMation on a single map.
51.使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。
52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
52.无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的，没有必要的。
53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.
53.恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。
54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
54.使用精心挑选的无意义词汇，可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。
55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
55.优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成，其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。
56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.
56.相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。
57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
57.十八世纪时，"小乌龟"是迈阿密部落的酋长，该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。
58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
58.在竹子的近七百个品种中，有的全长成还不到一英尺，有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。
59. Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
59.谨慎的航海员在出航前，会研究航向，记录的灯塔的位置，以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。
60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
60.在所有的经济作物中，棕榈树得到的研究最少。
61. Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.
61.购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展，原因很简单，因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。
62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.
62.电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。
63. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
63.人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成，住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的，被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。
64. The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.
64.珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度，温度和含盐度的制约。
65. Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.
65.尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖，但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。
66. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.
66.鲇鱼不仅可以离开水存活，还可以在岸上短距离移动。
67. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.
67.科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了，但是一些理论推断是地理，气候和海平面的变化造成的。
68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes inFORMation derived from other sciences.
68.主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其他科学的知识。
69. Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.
69.雪对农民是一种帮助，因为它保持地层土壤的温度，使种子不致冻死。
70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
70.历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋，但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。
71. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.
71.史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末，然后加水。
72. Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.
72.黄菊花通常令人生厌，它挤走不那么顽强的植物，并找来很多害虫。
73. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.
73.大约从公元前七千年开始，在四千年当中，北半球的温度比现在高。
74. When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.
74.当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时，农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。
75. Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.
75.北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多，但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。
76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.
76.水獭啃倒树木，以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。
77. Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.
77.长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬，但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬，因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。
78. As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.
78.物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。
79. The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.
79.根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久，已经成为传统。
80. Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.
80.因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的，所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。
81. Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
81.电视，这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。
82. Television is more than just an electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
82.电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。
83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism------that is the rate for re-arrest------is more than 60 percent.
83.更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余，以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。
84. His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.
84.他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院，但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕，但私下交流却富有同情和理解。
85. The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.
85.树獭即不讲究卫生，以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔，成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处，变成毛毛虫，并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。
86. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.
86.人造花卉即可用于科学目的，也可用于装饰目的，它们可以用各种各样的材料制成，臂如蜡和玻璃；其制作如此精巧，几乎可以以假乱真。
87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.
87.在伊利诺州Angonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果，科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。
88. When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.
88.当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后，真正艰难的任务还没有开始；即危险，吃力，需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。
89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.
89.由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。
90. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.
90.美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民，三十五岁以上，并且在美国居住了至少十四年。
91. Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.
91.美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方，对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的，喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。
92. Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.
92.石头不会腐烂，所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下来，虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。
93. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
93.昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住；如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护，昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。
94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
94.确实，他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险，而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。
95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
95.老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来，老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。
96. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.
96.我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人，他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。
97. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
97.每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。
98. It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.
98.没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动：一旦有了问题，一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。
99. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles------or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
99.人们已经发现，某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。
100. As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.
100.随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元，工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚。
1000句最常用英语口语
1000句最常用英语口语 |
1. I see． 我明白了。 |
Hibernate many to many
Hibernate many to many 执行删除操作的时候在inverse=true的一端可以正常删除如:
User user =session.load(User.class,new Long(userId));
session.delete(user);
如果是inverse=false的一端就要复杂些;如删除Role
Role role=(Role)session.load(Role.class,roleId);
for(Iterator iter=role.getUsers().iterator();iter.hasNext();)
{
((User)iter.next()).getRoles().remove(role);
}
session.delete(role);
感觉处理起来不太舒服了
梦
Falling-out Top 100
2. What’s wrong with you? 你怎么回事？
3. I’m very disappointed. 真让我失望。
5. You’re a jerk! 你是个废物/混球！
6. Don’t talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话!
7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁？
8. What’s your problem? 你怎么回事啊？
9. I hate you! 我讨厌你！
10. I don’t want to see your face! 我不愿再见到你！
11. You’re crazy! 你疯了!
12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind? 你疯了吗？
13. Don’t bother me. 别烦我。
14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。
15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失！
16. Leave me alone. 走开。
17. Get lost.滚开！
18. Take a hike! 哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。
19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。
20. It’s none of your business. 关你*事！
21. What’s the meaning of this? 这是什么意思？
22. How dare you! 你敢！
23. Cut it out. 省省吧。
24. You stupid jerk! 你这蠢*！
25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。
26. I’m fed up. 我厌倦了。
27. I can’t take it anymore. 我受不了了！（李阳老师常用）
28. I’ve had enough of your garbage. 我听腻了你的废话。
29. Shut up! 闭嘴！
30. What do you want? 你想怎么样？
31. Do you know what time it is? 你知道现在都几点吗？
32. What were you thinking? 你脑子进水啊？
33. How can you say that? 你怎么可以这样说？
34. Who says? 谁说的？
35. That’s what you think! 那才是你脑子里想的！
36. Don’t look at me like that. 别那样看着我。
37. What did you say? 你说什么？
38. You are out of your mind. 你脑子有毛病！
39. You make me so mad.你气死我了啦。
40. Drop dead. 去死吧！
41. Don’t give me your shit. 别跟我胡扯。
42. Don’t give me your excuses/ No more excuses. 别找借口。
43. Nonsense! 鬼话！
44. You’re a pain in the ass. 你这讨厌鬼。
45. You’re an asshole. 你这缺德鬼。
46. You asked for it. 你自找的。
47. Get over yourself. 别自以为是。
48. You’re nothing to me. 你对我什么都不是。
49. It’s not my fault. 不是我的错。
50. You look guilty. 你看上去心虚。
51. I can’t help it. 我没办法。
52. That’s your problem. 那是你的问题。
53. I don’t want to hear it. 我不想听！
54. Get off my back. 少跟我罗嗦。
55. Give me a break. 饶了我吧。
56. Who do you think you’re talking to? 你以为你在跟谁说话？
57. Look at this mess! 看看这烂摊子！
58. You’re so careless. 你真粗心。
59. Why on earth didn’t you tell me the truth? 你到底为什么不跟我说实话？
60. I’m about to explode! 我肺都快要气炸了！
61. What a stupid idiot! 真是白痴一个！
62. I’m not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！
63. I never want to see your face again! 我再也不要见到你64. That’s terrible. 真
糟糕！
65. Just look at what you’ve done! 看看你都做了些什么！
66. I wish I had never met you. 我真后悔这辈子遇到你！
67. You’re a disgrace. 你真丢人！
68. I’ll never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你！
69. Don’t nag me! 别在我面前唠叨！
70. I’m sick of it. 我都腻了。
71. Don’t you dare come back again! 你敢再回来！
72. Stop screwing/ fooling/ messing around! 别鬼混了！
73. Mind your own business! 管好你自己的事！
74. You’re just a good for nothing bum! 你真是一个废物！/ 你一无是处！
75. You’ve gone too far! 你太过分了！
76. I loathe you! 我讨厌你！
77. I detest you! 我恨你！
78. Get the hell out of here! 滚开!
79. Don’t be that way! 别那样！
80. Can’t you do anything right? 成事不足，败事有余。
81. You’re impossible. 你真不可救药。
82. Don’t touch me! 别碰我！
83. Get away from me! 离我远一点儿！
84. Get out of my life. 我不愿再见到你。/ 从我的生活中消失吧。
85. You’re a joke! 你真是一个小丑！
86. Don’t give me your attitude. 别跟我摆架子。
87. You’ll be sorry. 你会后悔的。
88. We’re through. 我们完了！
89. Look at the mess you’ve made! 你搞得一团糟！
90. You’ve ruined everything. 全都让你搞砸了。
91. I can’t believe your never. 你好大的胆子！
92. You’re away too far. 你太过分了。
93. I can’t take you any more! 我再也受不了你啦！
94. I’m telling you for the last time! 我最后再告诉你一次！
95. I could kill you! 我宰了你！
96. That’s the stupidest thing I’ve ever heard! 那是我听到的最愚蠢的事！ (比
尔·盖茨常用)
97. I can’t believe a word you say. 我才不信你呢!
98. You never tell the truth！ 你从来就不说实话！
99. Don’t push me ! 别逼我！
100. Enough is enough! 够了够了！
Basic Expressions
一、Basic Expressions
问候基本用语
1.Good morning [afternoon ,evening ],John .
早安（午安，晚安），约翰。
2.Hi, John.
嗨，约翰。
3.Hi, Mark .how are you doing?
嗨，马克。你好吗？
4.Fine. And you?
不错。你呢？
5. Hello，Jane. how are you?
哈罗，珍。你好吗？
6. Pretty good. Thanks. And you?
很不错，谢谢。你呢？
7. What’s upheld? Nothing much.
怎么了？没什么。
8. What’s happening?
近来好吗？
9.Nothing much .I’m just taking one day at a time.
没什么。我只是过一天算一天。
10.How are you feeling today?
你今天觉得怎样？
11.Just so so.
普通。
12. How is it going?
近况如何。
13. How’s everything with you?
你的一切如何？
14.Hi! Are you having fun?
嗨，你过得愉快吗？
15.How have you been (feeling)?
你近来如何？
16. So far so good.
到目前还好。
（一）Greetings with People Met Often
问候常见面的人
17.Hi, there!
嗨，哈罗！
18.How are you doing? I can’t complain too much.
你好吗？我不能太抱怨。（还不错）。
19.How is your business going?
你生意做得怎样？
20.How are things going?
事情进行得怎样？
21.How is your day going?
过得如何？
22.How are you doing these days? Well, about the same .
最近好吗？嗯，差不多一样。
23. What’s new?
近况如何。
24.How do you feel today?
你今天觉得怎样？
25.I feel like a new man.
我觉得好像脱胎换骨了。
26.Are you making progress?
你有进展吗？
27.Have gotten over your cold?
你感冒好了吗？
28.Did you sleep soundly last night?
你昨晚睡得好吗？
29. What’s the matter? Don’t you feel well?
怎么了？你不舒服吗？
30.Why are you so cross today?
你今天怎么这么容易生气？
31.You look tired. Had a big night?
你看起来很疲倦。昨晚刺激吗？
32.How come you look so tired?
你怎么看起来这么疲倦？
33.Why are you in such a good mood?
你怎么心情这么好？
34.You look under the weather today.
你今天好像不舒服。
35.Is anything wrong?
有什么不对劲吗？
36.Where are you headed?
你去哪里？
37.I’m on my way to the library.
我要去图书馆。
38.Where have you been?
你去哪里了？
39.What did you do last weekend?
上个周末你做些什么？
40.I went to a baseball game.
我去看棒球赛。
41.Where did you go over the weekend?
你在哪里渡周末？
42.Did you manage all right?
你都处理好了吗？
43.It’s good to see you again.
再见到你真好。
44.I haven’t seen much of you lately.
我近来不常见到你。
45.You’re a sight for sore eyes.
你真是稀客。
46.What brought you here?
是什么风把你吹来的？
47.I didn’t expect to see you here.
我没想到会在这里看见你。
48.We seem to run into each other often lately.
我们最近好像经常碰面。
49.Our paths have finally crossed.
我们终于碰面了。
50.I just stopped by to say hello.
我只是顺道过来打个招呼。
（二）Greetings with People Met Less Often
问候较少见面的人
51.What have you been upheld to lately?
你最近都在做些什么？
52.How have you been getting through the dog days?
你怎么熬过这些大热天？
53.Where have you been fooling around?
你最近在哪里鬼混？
54.Johny! Yours is the last face I would have expected to see here.
强尼！你是我在这里最没有料想到会看见的人。
55.Jancy meeting you here!
真想不到在这里见到你！
56.Hello, Jane! I haven’t seen you for a long time .
哈罗，珍！好久不见了。
57. It’s a long time since a saw you last.
好久不见了。
58.I haven’t seen you in years.
多年不见了。
59.I haven’t seen you for ages.
好久不见了。
60.Hi, long time no see.
嗨，好久不见。
61.Hi, tom, I’m glad I bumped into you.
嗨，汤姆，很高兴碰见你。
62.What a pleasant surprise! I haven’t seen you for a long time.
真叫人惊喜！我好久没看到你了。
63.You’re just the man I want to see.
你真是我想见的人。
64.What happened to Bill?
比尔怎么了？
65. No news. But I bet he’s O.K..
没什么，我敢说他很好。
66.I haven’t heard from him for 10years.
我已经十年没有他的消息了。
67.How often do you hear from him ?
你多久有他的消息？
68.How is he getting along?
他近况如何？
69.He’s in the pink.
他很健康。
70.How was your trip to Hong Kong?
你到香港玩得怎样？
71.I hardly know you.
我几乎不认识你。
72.Your name just doesn’t come to me.
我就是想不起你的名字。
73.What has kept you so busy?
是什么让你这么忙？
74. How’s everybody at your house?
你的家人好吗？
75.I hope your family are all well.
我希望你的家人都好。
76.Mr. Park sends his regards.
巴克先生问候你。
77.It so happens that I met him on the train just yesterday.
刚巧，我昨天在火车上碰见他。
二、First Greetings
初次问候
Basic Expressions
初次问候基本用语
1.How do you do? I’m glad to meet you.
你好，很高兴认识你。
2.How do you do? Glad to meet you, too.
你好，我也很高兴认识你。
3.I’m pleased do meet you.
我很高兴认识你。
4.The pleasure is mine.
这是我的荣幸。
5.May I introduce myself?
我可自我介绍吗？
6.Let me introduce myself.
让我自我介绍。
7.My name is Ching –ming Wang.I’m a junior at BeiJing University.
我叫王庆铭，我是北大三年级的学生。
8.I hope we will become good friends.
我希望我们能成为好朋友。
9.I work for Chinese Petroleum Corporation.
我在中国石油公司工作。
10. May I have your name, please?
请问尊姓大名？
11.How large is your family?
你家有多少人？
12. Where are you from?
你是哪里人？
13. What’s your nationality?
你是哪一国人？
14.Let me introduce my friend, Mr. Yang.
让我介绍我的朋友，杨先生。
15.Mr. Brown, this is Mr. Lin.
布朗先生，这是林先生。
16.I think I’ve seen you before.
我想我以前见过你。
